Cation Exchange Water Softeners

Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions that cause water hardness can be removed fairly easily by using an ion exchange procedure. Water softeners are cation exchange devices. Cations refer to positively charged ions. Cation exchange involves the replacement of the hardness ions with a nonhardness ion. Water softeners usually use sodium (Na+) as the exchange ion. Sodium ions are supplied from dissolved sodium chloride salt, also called brine. In the ion exchange process, sodium ions are used to coat an exchange medium in the softener. The exchange medium can be natural "zeolites" or synthetic resin beads that resemble wet sand. As hard water passes through a softener, the calcium and magnesium trade places with sodium ions. Sodium ions are held loosely and are easily replaced by calcium and magnesium ions. During this process free sodium ions are released to the water. Go To  Cation Exchange Water Softeners For More Details.

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Treatment Systems for Household Water Supplies -- Softening
... by using an ion exchange procedure. Water softeners are cation exchange devices. Cations refer to positively charged ions. Cation exchange involves the replacement of the hardness ...


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Water Softeners
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Ion Exchange Water Softeners
COST REDUCTION THROUGH CREATIVE CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. Technical Data Sheet. Sodium Zeolite Softening Process. Introduction ... exchange-based process designed to remove hardness (calcium and magnesium) from raw water. NaZ softening will remove other soluble cation ... Acid Cation (SAC) resin ... ion exchange removal ...


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NSF Certified Products
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